See pszonak on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pszonak"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*pszono",
"4": "-ak",
"etydate": "1437",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"pszonak\">\nFrom *pszono + -ak. First attested in 1437.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nFrom *pszono + -ak. First attested in 1437.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pszonak m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonnak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "pszonak m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
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"name": "Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
46
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2451:",
"text": "Armoracea, rappa silvestris, rapistrix pszonak",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5047:",
"text": "Pszonnyk, pszonnak armorica, rapistrum",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"charlock (Rhamphospermum arvense, syns. Sinapis arvensis, etc.)"
],
"id": "en-pszonak-zlw-opl-noun-Z5joxZvp",
"links": [
[
"charlock",
"charlock"
],
[
"Rhamphospermum arvense",
"Rhamphospermum arvense#Translingual"
],
[
"Sinapis arvensis",
"Sinapis arvensis#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔna(ː)k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔnak/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔnɒk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "pszonak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:pszonak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nPolish pszonak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"pszonak\">\nInherited from Old Polish pszonak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pszono",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pszono + -ak",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nPolish pszonak\nInherited from Old Polish pszonak. By surface analysis, pszono + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "pszonak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pszo‧nak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pszo‧nak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "pszonaka"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
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"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
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{
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"parents": [],
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
{
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},
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},
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},
{
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},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Crucifers",
"orig": "pl:Crucifers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "pl",
"name": "Flowers",
"orig": "pl:Flowers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wallflower (any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus)"
],
"id": "en-pszonak-pl-noun-sJLwmc4s",
"links": [
[
"wallflower",
"wallflower"
],
[
"Erysimum",
"Erysimum#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɔ.nak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnak"
}
],
"word": "pszonak"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"word": "pszonak"
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-opl",
"2": ":af",
"3": "*pszono",
"4": "-ak",
"etydate": "1437",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" }\" data-lang=\"zlw-opl\" data-title=\"pszonak\">\nFrom *pszono + -ak. First attested in 1437.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nFrom *pszono + -ak. First attested in 1437.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "pszonak m animacy unattested",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonnak",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-an!"
},
"expansion": "pszonak m animacy unattested",
"name": "zlw-opl-noun"
}
],
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"lang_code": "zlw-opl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old Polish entries referencing missing etymons",
"Old Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Old Polish lemmas",
"Old Polish masculine nouns",
"Old Polish nouns",
"Old Polish quotations with omitted translation",
"Old Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old Polish terms with quotations",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"zlw-opl:Brassicas",
"zlw-opl:Crucifers"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
39,
46
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1437], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 2451:",
"text": "Armoracea, rappa silvestris, rapistrix pszonak",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
10,
18
]
],
"ref": "1900 [1419], Józef Rostafiński, editor, Symbola ad historiam naturalem medii aevi = Średniowieczna historya naturalna w Polsce. Ps 2, number 5047:",
"text": "Pszonnyk, pszonnak armorica, rapistrum",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"charlock (Rhamphospermum arvense, syns. Sinapis arvensis, etc.)"
],
"links": [
[
"charlock",
"charlock"
],
[
"Rhamphospermum arvense",
"Rhamphospermum arvense#Translingual"
],
[
"Sinapis arvensis",
"Sinapis arvensis#Translingual"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔna(ː)k/",
"note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔnak/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
},
{
"ipa": "/pʃʲɔnɒk/",
"note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
}
],
"word": "pszonak"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "zlw-opl:pszonak",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nPolish pszonak\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Balto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-āˀkas\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"ine-bsl-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Slavic\", \"term\" : \"*-akъ\", \"lang\" : \"sla-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"-ak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"zlw-opl\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Polish\", \"term\" : \"pszonak\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"pl\" }\" data-lang=\"pl\" data-title=\"pszonak\">\nInherited from Old Polish pszonak.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "pl",
"2": "pszono",
"3": "-ak"
},
"expansion": "By surface analysis, pszono + -ak",
"name": "surf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nOld Polish *pszono\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-kos\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂kos\nProto-Balto-Slavic *-āˀkas\nProto-Slavic *-akъ\nOld Polish -ak\nOld Polish pszonak\nPolish pszonak\nInherited from Old Polish pszonak. By surface analysis, pszono + -ak.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pl-decl-noun-m-in",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaków",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakowi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakami",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonakach",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pszonaki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m-in"
},
"expansion": "pszonak m inan",
"name": "pl-noun"
}
],
"hyphenation": [
"pszo‧nak"
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"pszo‧nak"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"gens": "pszonaka"
},
"name": "pl-decl-noun-m-in"
}
],
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Polish 2-syllable words",
"Polish entries with etymology texts",
"Polish entries with etymology trees",
"Polish entries with incorrect language header",
"Polish inanimate nouns",
"Polish lemmas",
"Polish links with manual fragments",
"Polish links with redundant alt parameters",
"Polish links with redundant wikilinks",
"Polish masculine nouns",
"Polish nouns",
"Polish terms derived from Old Polish",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Polish terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Polish terms inherited from Old Polish",
"Polish terms suffixed with -ak",
"Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Polish terms with audio pronunciation",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnak",
"Rhymes:Polish/ɔnak/2 syllables",
"pl:Crucifers",
"pl:Flowers"
],
"glosses": [
"wallflower (any of several short-lived herbs or shrubs of the Erysimum genus)"
],
"links": [
[
"wallflower",
"wallflower"
],
[
"Erysimum",
"Erysimum#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"inanimate",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpʂɔ.nak/"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ɔnak"
}
],
"word": "pszonak"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pszonak meaning in All languages combined (8.0kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['canonical']: 'pszonak m animacy unattested' in 'pszonak m animacy unattested'",
"path": [
"pszonak"
],
"section": "Old Polish",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "pszonak",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (ade7ec3 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.